台灣醫師賴賢勇設計的「插管防疫箱」獲30多國改良採用

（中央社記者張茗喧台北30日電）武漢肺炎延燒，台灣醫師賴賢勇設計的「插管防疫箱」獲30多國改良採用，波士頓醫學中心更以此進行實驗證實有效，並發表專文、拍攝影片發表在頂尖的新英格蘭醫學期刊。

武漢肺炎（2019冠狀病毒疾病，COVID-19）全球肆虐，花蓮門諾醫院麻醉科醫師賴賢勇設計透明壓克力板「插管防疫箱」，直接罩在患者頭部執行插管治療，降低醫療人員遭患者飛沫噴濺風險，至今已獲30多國改良採用，作為防疫時醫師防護裝備缺乏的設備。

賴賢勇的母校陽明大學今天發布新聞稿指出，賴賢勇的「插管防疫箱」公開設計後，至今已經有30多國改良採用，這個看似不起眼的透明壓克力板，讓醫師執行插管治療時，能降低遭患者咳嗽飛沫噴濺的風險。

台灣醫師賴賢勇設計「插管防疫箱」，至今已獲30多國改良採用，美國波士頓醫學中心更以此進行實測並發表專文、拍攝影片，發表在國際醫學期刊「新英格蘭醫學雜誌」。（陽明大學提供）中央社記者張茗喧傳真　109年4月30日

陽明大學表示，這項設計經過波士頓醫學中心實際試驗後，特地發表專文並拍攝影片發表在新英格蘭醫學期刊（the New England Journal of Medicine），讓台灣的巧思成為國際醫學期刊以及知名醫學機構推薦醫護使用的配備。

在波士頓醫學中心的實驗中，實驗團隊將含有10毫升螢光染劑的氣球安置於人體模型中，並將氣球充氣爆破，模擬插管咳嗽時飛沫噴濺的狀態。

在實驗組與對照組的比較下，沒有使用防疫箱醫護人員，即使穿上個人防護裝備，病患的飛沫仍會汙染防護衣、面罩、手套、頸部、耳朵、鞋子等，甚至是醫院地板都能發現飛沫；但有了賴賢勇的防疫箱，模擬的飛沫只汙染了防疫箱內層以及醫師手套、防護衣前臂，其餘地方都沒有肉眼可見的汙染。

這個簡單的實驗雖然無法模擬真實咳嗽飛沫噴出的方向、速度、規模，大小等，但波士頓醫學中心仍認為可提供額外保護、作為臨時性屏障，並建議可以作為標準個人防護裝備的配件。

對於「插管防疫箱」經過實測登上知名醫學期刊，並獲得多國採用，陽明大學校長郭旭崧表示，這證明愛心不需要很花俏的科技，只要有心，每個人都能替世界盡一份心力。（編輯：陳清芳）1090430

Taiwan doctor's easy-to-make Aerosol Box embraced in Japan

KYODO

• APR 28, 2020
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OSAKA – A creative solution to protect health care providers at high risk of contracting the coronavirus amid the global shortage of personal protective equipment is attracting interest throughout the world, including in Japan.

The Aerosol Box, created and shared online by Lai Hsien-yung, an anesthesiologist from Taiwan, is a transparent box shielding a provider’s face from aerosol particles contaminated by the virus while intubating an infected patient, many of whom develop respiratory failure.

“I felt that I was protected,” said Takahiro Kusume, 32, a doctor on the front line of an anti-coronavirus team at a university hospital in Tokyo.

This month he asked his brother, who owns a design studio in Kobe, to make the product based on the design shared online by Lai.

“I feel safe even when my face has to come close to a patient during my work,” said a male doctor in his 50s at a medical facility in Osaka who is developing measures to prevent infections among staff and patients at the institution. “We bought two of them to prepare for an increase in the number of patients.”

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The Aerosol Box is a transparent boxlike structure that can be cheaply made using acrylic or transparent polycarbonate sheet, according to the website, which gives design specifications.

It covers the head of the patient lying on the bed, with the health care provider sticking his or her arms in two holes on one side of the box.

The box “effectively shields a provider’s face from a patient’s airway, while allowing the provider to move his/her arms freely to perform all necessary tasks during endotracheal intubation,” the website explains, adding that the box can be cleaned thoroughly with a solution of 70 percent alcohol or bleach to be reused for the next patient.

Lai, 52, who works at the Mennonite Christian Hospital in Hualien, eastern Taiwan, said he was inspired by baby incubators.

As hospitals, overwhelmed by the rising numbers of coronavirus patients, are running out of N95 masks and other protective equipment, Lai didn’t submit a patent application, preferring to put it online at the end of March to deploy it rapidly across the globe.

“I made this box to protect the doctors who are fighting on the front line,” Lai explained. He said he hopes “people (all) over the world can build and modify (them) by themselves.”

Medical teams from countries that have been hit hard by the virus, including the United States and Spain, have tested and reported their experiences with the simple contraption as they adapt it in the field.

One adaptation is an Aerosol Box that can be folded and shipped easily to be reassembled at its destination within a minute.

A Japanese acrylic company in Osaka named Act started receiving orders for the Aerosol Box in mid-March and is producing around 40 a day.

The company says it takes around 30 minutes to produce one, with a wholesale price of less than ¥10,000.

“We can make the product on the day we receive the order,” said Act President Tetsuo Taniguchi, 70.

The company, which has around 10 employees, also make face shields for face-to-face meetings.

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KEYWORDS

TAIWAN, HEALTH, HOSPITALS, COVID-19

Akara Robotics Turns TurtleBot Into Autonomous UV Disinfecting Robot

Built in about 24 hours, this robot is undergoing in-hospital testing for coronavirus disinfection.

SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG

Akara Robotics Turns TurtleBot Into Autonomous UV Disinfecting Robot

John Horton Conway FRS (26 December 1937 – 11 April 2020)

Mathematician John Horton Conway, a ‘magical genius’ known for inventing the ‘Game of Life,’ dies at age 82

Catherine Zandonella, Office of the Dean for Research

April 14, 2020 10:15 a.m.

Wikipedia

John Horton Conway FRS (26 December 1937 – 11 April 2020) was an English mathematician active in the theory of finite groups, knot theory, number theory, combinatorial game theory and coding theory. He also made contributions to many branches of recreational mathematics, most notably the invention of the cellular automaton called the Game of Life.

Born and raised in Liverpool, Conway spent the first half of his career at the University of Cambridge before moving to the United States, where he held the John von Neumann Professorship at Princeton University for the rest of his career.^{[2][3][4][5][6][7]} On 11 April 2020, at age 82, he died of complications from COVID-19.^[8]

Contents

• 1Early life
• 2Conway's Game of Life
• 3Conway and Martin Gardner
• 4Major areas of research
  • 4.1Combinatorial game theory
  • 4.2Geometry
  • 4.3Geometric topology
  • 4.4Group theory
  • 4.5Number theory
  • 4.6Algebra
  • 4.7Analysis
  • 4.8Algorithmics
  • 4.9Theoretical physics
• 5Awards and honours
• 6Death
• 7Publications
• 8See also
• 9References
• 10Sources
• 11External links

Fossil Shows Cold-Blooded Frogs Lived on Warm Antarctica

紐約時報


TRILOBITES

Fossil Shows Cold-Blooded Frogs Lived on Warm Antarctica

The specimen is some 40 million years old, and is probably related to species currently living in South America.




A reconstruction of the Eocene helmeted frog on the Antarctic Peninsula 40 million years ago.Credit...Simon Pierre Barrette, José Grau de Puerto Montt, and Mats Wedin/Swedish Museum of Natural History


By Lucas Joel
April 23, 2020



In 2015, Thomas Mörs reached for a frog in the sand — but the frog didn’t hop away. That’s because the frog had been fossilized 40 million years ago. Nevertheless, Dr. Mörs knew that the frog would soon be hopping into history books, because it was the first fossil frog from Antarctica ever found.


“When I was going through samples and I saw this, I said: ‘Wow! That’s a frog!’” said Dr. Mörs, a vertebrate paleontologist at the Swedish Museum of Natural History who led the team of researchers that announced the find Thursday in Scientific Reports. “I knew nothing like this was known from Antarctica. It’s exciting.”


Dr. Mörs and his team retrieved the frog from Seymour Island, which sits on the Antarctic Peninsula roughly 700 miles south of Tierra Del Fuego on South America. The frog came to light in 2015 back in Sweden after Dr. Mörs had time to sift through the thousands of samples he and his team collected during expeditions to the island in 2011, 2012 and 2013. The haul also included fossilized water lily seeds and shark and ray teeth.


Dr. Mörs found two frog bones: a skull and a hip bone called an ilium. “The ilium is probably the most diagnostic part of a frog skeleton,” said David Wake, a herpetologist at the University of California, Berkeley, who was not involved in the research. “A frog paleontologist wants an ilium.”



The ilium looks like those of a living group of frogs called the helmeted frogs. Helmeted frogs live in Chile in wet woodlands called Nothofagus forests, and their ilia are similar to the Antarctic frog’s ilium. “They’re robust frogs, and this is a robust ilium,” Dr. Wake said.




ImageHunting for frog fossils on Seymour Island on the Antarctic Peninsula.Credit...Federico Degrange/Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra and Jonas Hagström/Swedish Museum of Natural History


Seymour Island today is barren and rocky. Dr. Mörs and his team found the frog at a site called “Marsupial Site,” so named because, in 2007, a different team discovered a fossil marsupial there with modern relatives that live in Nothofagus forests in Chile and Argentina.


The new frog is about as old as that marsupial was, and the two animals both have modern relatives in South American forests. That suggests Seymour Island once looked a lot like the forests of Chile and Argentina. “We have here two indicators of a very specific climate,” Dr. Mörs said.


Going even further back in time, a helmeted frog from Antarctica helps reveal how frogs living in South America and Australia once formed a single population spanning parts of the supercontinent of Pangea, which began to split apart about 175 million years ago.





Helmeted frogs, said David Blackburn, an amphibian biologist at the Florida Museum of Natural History, are more closely related to frogs in Australia than they are to all the other frogs that live in South America.


“We’ve long known there’s this affinity between this radiation of frogs in Australia and this radiation of frogs in South America,” said Dr. Blackburn, who was not involved in the research. In the light of the new Antarctic discovery, “it seems plausible that these frogs would’ve gone through Antarctica.”


But until researchers find more frog remains from Antarctica, exactly what role the continent played in the evolutionary trajectory of the now-far-flung frogs will remain unclear. “At this point, we don’t have any evidence of what happened in Antarctica,” Dr. Blackburn said.

In serious cases, SARS-CoV-2 lands in the lungs and can do deep damage there. But the virus, or the body’s response to it, can injure many other organs.

In serious cases, SARS-CoV-2 lands in the lungs and can do deep damage there. But the virus, or the body’s response to it, can injure many other organs.

Scientists are just beginning to probe the scope and nature of that harm: https://fcld.ly/6bk16si

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