"This is one of the great stories of courage during the Holocaust that would not ever have been able to have been tracked but for the use of this geoscience," Richard Freund, a leader of the expedition team, told NPR.
2016年6月29日 星期三
Johns Hopkins scientists lead effort to protect vital computer networks
This project is the first practical system to avert disruption amid cyber attack.
Connected Clothing
Designers have made fitness trackers more attractive by using 3D printing to manufacture clothes, and now they’re introducing circuits to the mix. Where is the future of wearables headed? http://bit.ly/1Pa1T4p
2016年6月26日 星期日
SolarCity’s Gigafactory
MIT Technology Review
Weekend Reads: Solar panels contribute only about 20 percent of the total cost of a solar system. Most of the money goes to companies, like SolarCity, that install the panels and connect them to the grid. Back in 2012, right when they filed for an IPO, we reported that SolarCity’s success might be partly due to staying out of solar-panel manufacturing. Ironically, that’s the market it’s breaking into with its new gigafactory.
____________________________________________
SolarCity, which is now the country’s largest provider of rooftop solar panels, is in the news again because Musk wants Tesla to buy it. This weekend we look back on stories about SolarCity’s past success and future challenges.
Why SolarCity Is Succeeding in a Difficult Solar Industry
The secret is using existing technology.
TECHNOLOGYREVIEW.COM
Weekend Reads: Until now, SolarCity’s business model focused on financing and installing solar panel systems, relying mainly on Chinese manufacturers for the actual panels. That is all set to change with its new so-called gigafactory in Buffalo, New York, which was one of our 10 Breakthrough Technologies in 2016. It’s a bold move, and only time will tell if it pays off for the still unprofitable company.
____________________________________________
SolarCity, which is now the country’s largest provider of rooftop solar panels, is in the news again because Musk wants Tesla to buy it. This weekend we look back on stories about SolarCity’s past success and future challenges.
2016年6月24日 星期五
Silk-based filtration material breaks barriers
Engineering from nature: MIT researchers have found nanofibers from silk can be combined to create an excellent filtration system.
In a First, Quantum Computer Simulates High-Energy Physics
Physicists have performed the first full simulation of a high-energy physics experiment—the creation of pairs of particles and their antiparticles—on a quantum computer.
New life form discovered in saliva is linked to human disease
New life form discovered in saliva is linked to human disease
2016年6月21日 星期二
"Artificial Synapses" Could Let Supercomputers Mimic the Human Brain
Scientists would like to build computers that mimic the human brain's power and efficiency.
2016年6月19日 星期日
This Is How Intel/TSMC Makes a Chip
此篇簡介，可讀，值得一讀：
前幾段：
前幾段：
Before entering the cleanroom in D1D, as Intel calls its 17 million-cubic-foot microprocessor factory in Hillsboro, Oregon, it’s a good idea to carefully wash your hands and face. You should probably also empty your bladder. There are no bathrooms in the cleanroom. Makeup, perfume, and cosmetics are forbidden. Writing instruments are allowed, as long as they’re special sterile pens; paper, which sheds microscopic particles, is absolutely banned. If you want to write on something, you’ll have to use what is known in the industry as “high-performance documentation material,” a paperlike product that doesn’t release fibers.
After you put on a hairnet, your next stop is the gowning station, inside a pressurized room that sits between the outside world and the cleanroom itself. A hard breeze, sent by a cleaning system that takes up the equivalent of four and a half football fields, hits you as you walk in, removing stray matter—dust, lint, dog hairs, bacteria. You put on pre-gown gloves, then a white bodysuit with a hood and surgical-style mouth cover, followed by a second pair of gloves, a second pair of shoe covers, and safety glasses. None of these measures are for your safety; they protect the chips from you.
The air in the cleanroom is the purest you’ve ever breathed. It’s class 10 purity, meaning that for every cubic foot of air there can be no more than 10 particles larger than half a micron, which is about the size of a small bacteria. In an exceptionally clean hospital OR, there can be as many as 10,000 bacteria-size particles without creating any special risk of infection. In the outside world, there are about 3 million.
The cleanroom is nearly silent except for the low hum of the “tools,” as Intel calls them, which look like giant copy machines and cost as much as $50 million each. They sit on steel pedestals that are attached to the building’s frame, so that no vibrations—from other tools, for instance, or from your footfalls—will affect the chips. You step softly even so. Some of these tools are so precise they can be controlled to within half a nanometer, the width of two silicon atoms.
It’s surprisingly dark, too. For decades, Intel’s cleanrooms have been lit like darkrooms, bathed in a deep, low yellow. “That’s an anachronism,” says Mark Bohr, a small, serious man who has spent his entire 38-year career making chips, and who’s now Intel’s top manufacturing scientist. “Nobody’s had the courage to change it.”
Chips are made by creating tiny patterns on a polished 12-inch silicon disk, in part by using a process called photolithography and depositing superthin layers of materials on top. These wafers are kept in sealed, microwave oven-size pods called “foups” that are carried around by robots—hundreds of robots, actually—running on tracks overhead, taking the wafers to various tools. The air inside a foup is class 1, meaning it probably contains no particles at all. Periodically, the wafer is washed using a form of water so pure it isn’t found in nature. It’s so pure it’s lethal. If you drank enough of it, it would pull essential minerals out of your cells and kill you.
Over the next three months—three times the amount of time it takes Boeing to manufacture a single Dreamliner—these wafers will be transformed into microprocessors. They’ll make their way through more than 2,000 steps of lithography, etching, material application, and more etching. Each will then be chopped up into a hundred or so thumbnail-size “dies,” each of which will be packaged in a ceramic enclosure. If everything functions properly, none of the 100,000 or so people who work at Intel will ever touch them. The endpoint of this mechanized miracle: the Intel Xeon E5 v4, the company’s latest server chip and the engine of the internet...
You won't believe how risky — and expensive — it is.
How Astronomers Found Our Cosmic Address
Recent studies of the motions of thousands of nearby galaxies have revealed that the Milky Way's home supercluster is far larger than previously thought. Astronomers call this newfound supersized supercluster “Laniakea.”
[This article is for subscribers. A preview is available. Buy the digital issue or subscribe to read more.]
The Science Museum：Mathematics Gallery Science Museum - Architecture - Zaha Hadid
Mathematics Gallery Science Museum - Architecture - Zaha Hadid ...
www.zaha-hadid.com/architecture/mathematics-gallery-science-museum/
London, United Kingdom; 2014 – 2016; The Science Museum; Design. The Mathematics Gallery design explores the many influences of mathematics in ourMathematics: The David and Claudia Harding Gallery - Science Museum
www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/visitmuseum/new_galleries/mathematics_gallery
Designed by the world-renowned Zaha Hadid Architects, this outstanding new gallery has been made possible by the largest individual donation ever made to ...李國偉加入數學與藝術 Math and Art
“Mathematics was part of Zaha Hadid’s life from a young age
and has always been the foundation of her architecture”
and has always been the foundation of her architecture”
2016年12月8日倫敦科學博物館的數學展廳將開幕，
建築設計師是三月剛過世的傑出女建築師 Zaha Hadid 。
建築設計師是三月剛過世的傑出女建築師 Zaha Hadid 。
The Science Museum
| |
 
Location within central London
| |
| Established | 1857 (separate status formalised 1909) |
|---|---|
| Location | London, United Kingdom |
| Coordinates | 51.4975°N 0.174722°W |
| Visitors |
3,356,212 (2015)[1]
|
| Director | Ian Blatchford |
| Public transit access | South Kensington    |
| Website | www.sciencemuseum.org.uk |
| Science Museum Group | |
The Science Museum is a major museum on Exhibition Road in South Kensington, London. It was founded in 1857 and today is one of the city's major tourist attractions, attracting 3.3 million visitors annually.[2]
Like other publicly funded national museums in the United Kingdom, the Science Museum does not charge visitors for admission. Temporary exhibitions, however, may incur an admission fee. It is part of the Science Museum Group, having merged with the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester in 2012.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Museum,_London
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