Jordan Wen 分享了陳清文的貼文。
什麼產品需要在推出前十八個月宣布？先占優勢是用做的不是用說的？
2015年1月30日 星期五
2015年1月28日 星期三
愛因斯坦理論2應用：資訊量子防侵；光網路
Albert Einstein Is Helping To Fight Hackers Decades After His Death
image: http://cdn.inquisitr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Albert-665x385.jpg
Few would deny the brilliance of the physicist Albert Einstein, but it might surprise some people to learn that his contributions to science are still innovating long after his death.
According to The Australian, the principles of quantum mechanics, discovered by a team of scientists including Albert Einstein more than 80 years ago, are being applied to computer code to transfer information securely over the internet. This method of utilizing quantum physics can keep information safe from even the most skilled hackers.
The quantum phenomenon has been called “quantum steering” by another Nobel Prize winning scientist who’s not quite as famous as Albert Einstein, but you still might recognize the name – Erwin Schrodinger. Schrodinger is most famous for the Schrodinger’s Cat thought experiment which illustrates how a quantum particle can theoretically maintain two states at once.
This principle, along with the findings of Albert Einstein, can be exploited for the benefit of modern technology, thanks to the research of Griffith University physicist Geoff Pryde. Pryde claims Einstein’s discovery has been developed into a new advancement that could create virtually unhackable credit card payments.
“Quantum physics promises the possibility of absolutely secure information transfer, where personal data sent over the internet could be completely isolated from hackers,” said Professor Geoff Pryde.
Using Einstein’s discovery, Pryde says the advancement can generate “truly random and uncrackable codes.” The property is known as “quantum entanglement,” which occurs with groups of particles that interact in such a way that the state of each individual particle can’t be identified independently of one another. Pryde’s team discovered a way to circumvent Einstein’s quantum confusion with a confirmed, reliable method called “quantum steering.” While tests still need to be run to ensure the system is “security proof,” Professor Pryde is confident that Einstein’s principles have been successfully used to meet “ideal” security protocol.
While Pryde admitted there have been prototypes in the past using Einstein’s quantum physics to secure information, they only managed to protect the transmission channel, not the actual devices sending and receiving the information. In an age of increasingly skilled hackers, it is essential to find new ways to encrypt and transmit code so that malicious software can’t gain access.
Another recent innovation has also used Einstein’s discoveries about quantum mechanics to allow for larger exploration of optical networks. This method also used quantum steering, utilizing the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox to generate a new connection called the “EPR steering entanglement.” Albert Einstein called EPR Steering “spooky actions at a distance,” but it turns out those actions might be more useful than “spooky.”
“We used an optical network to experimentally confirm how this spooky type of entanglement can be shared over not just two, but three or more distinct optical systems,” said Dr. Seiji Armstrong of the Quantum Computing Centre Node at ANU.
It seems like Albert Einstein’s brain is still working for the benefit of human kind.
The new findings using Einstein’s old discoveries were published in the journal Nature Communications on January 7.
Read more at http://www.inquisitr.com/1792826/albert-einstein-is-helping-to-fight-hackers-decades-after-his-death/#DcD4RqH6wPJceCY1.99
英國新成立Alan Turing Institute：5所大學為主要合作的組織
英國新成立Alan Turing Institute：5所大學為主要合作的組織
- See more at: http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/cambridge-announced-as-one-of-five-key-partners-in-new-national-alan-turing-institute#sthash.pIX5rZ7t.dpuf
Cambridge announced as one of five key partners in new national Alan Turing Institute
The University of Cambridge is to be one of the five universities that will lead the new Alan Turing Institute, announced the Rt Hon Dr Vince Cable, Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills today.
The University of Cambridge is to be one of the five universities that will lead the new Alan Turing Institute, announced the Rt Hon Dr Vince Cable, Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills today.
Alan Turing’s genius played a pivotal role in cracking the codes that helped us win the Second World War. It is therefore only right that our country’s top universities are chosen to lead this new institute named in his honourVince Cable
The Alan Turing Institute will promote the development and use of advanced mathematics, computer science, algorithms and ‘Big Data’ – the collection, analysis and interpretation of immense volumes of data – for human benefit. Located at the British Library in London, it will bring together leaders in advanced mathematics and computing science from the five of the UK’s most respected universities – Cambridge, Edinburgh, Oxford, UCL* and Warwick – and partners.
Dr Cable said: “Alan Turing’s genius played a pivotal role in cracking the codes that helped us win the Second World War. It is therefore only right that our country’s top universities are chosen to lead this new institute named in his honour.
“Headed by the universities of Cambridge, Edinburgh, Oxford, Warwick and UCL - the Alan Turing Institute will attract the best data scientists and mathematicians from the UK and across the globe to break new boundaries in how we use big data in a fast moving, competitive world.”
The delivery of the Institute is being coordinated by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), which invests in research and postgraduate training across the UK. The Institute is being funded over five years with £42 million from the UK government. The selected university partners will contribute further funding. In addition, the Institute will seek to partner with other business and government bodies.
Professor Philip Nelson, EPSRC’s Chief Executive said: “The Alan Turing Institute will draw on the best of the best academic talent in the country. It will use the power of mathematics, statistics, and computer science to analyze Big Data in many ways, including the ability to improve online security. Big Data is going to play a central role in how we run our industries, businesses and services. Economies that invest in research are more likely to be strong and resilient; the Alan Turing Institute will help us be both.”
The University of Cambridge has a strong historical association with Alan Turing, who studied as an undergraduate from 1931 to 1934 at King's College, from where he gained first-class honours in mathematics. Research at Cambridge continues his legacy of groundbreaking work in mathematics and computer science, extending into many areas that he helped pioneer, including mathematical biology, language modelling, statistical inference and artificial intelligence.
Cambridge researchers will play a critical role in shaping the research agenda for the Alan Turing Institute, bringing in world experts in mathematics, statistics, computer science and information engineering, and linking to the research challenges of the future, such as the study of huge genomic datasets, or the development of the world’s largest radio telescope, the Square Kilometre Array.
In 2013, the University created Cambridge Big Data, a cross-School strategic initiative bringing together experts in a number of themes. These range from the fundamental technologies of data science, to applications in disciplines as diverse as astronomy, clinical medicine and education, as well as experts exploring the ethical, legal, social and economic questions that are critical to making data science work in practice. The research developed at the Alan Turing Institute will link to the first of these themes, allowing for a rich exchange of ideas within a broad researcher community, and a joined-up and multidisciplinary approach to the big data challenges of the future.
Professor Paul Alexander, who heads Cambridge Big Data, said: “Modern technology allows for the collection of immense volumes of data, but the challenge of converting this ‘Big Data’ into useful information is enormous. The Alan Turing Institute is an immensely exciting opportunity for the collective expertise of Cambridge and its partners to rise to this very important challenge and make a huge contribution to the future success of the UK economy, our ability to provide health and societal benefits and the ability of British universities to remain at the cutting edge of research.”
2015年1月27日 星期二
「澎湖原人」為現代人類祖先
考古史重大發現！「澎湖原人」為現代人類祖先
2015-01-27 14:50
台灣澎湖水道海域發現「澎湖原人」的下顎骨化石，科博館表示，澎湖原人是舊石器時代最早期的人類。（記者羅沛德攝）
〔記者林曉雲／台北報導〕考古研究有重大發現！台灣澎湖海域發現「澎湖原人」人骨化石，科博館今宣布，研究證實為直立人、現代人類的祖先，使台灣最早有人類的紀錄，大幅往前推到距今至少19萬年前，此研究今也榮登國際頂尖期刊《自然通訊雜誌（Nature Communications）》。
「澎湖原人」的下顎骨化石。（記者羅沛德攝）
澎湖原人具有直立人的特徵，將台灣發現的古人類化石紀錄，往前推展至超過19萬年的「更新世」中期。圖從底部倒數第二行為直立人頭骨模擬。（路透）
澎湖原人是台灣發現最古老人類化石
台灣澎湖水道海域發現「澎湖原人」的下顎骨化石，科博館表示，澎湖原人是舊石器時代最早期的人類，判斷其年代距今約45萬至19萬年，澎湖原人是台灣目前發現最古老的人類化石，也為直立人在亞洲的分佈與型態，提供關鍵性證據。
直立人是舊石器時代最早期的人類，各國近期發現的直立人包括印尼佛羅勒斯人、德國尼安德塔人、西伯利亞南部的丹尼索瓦人等，歐仁．杜布瓦於1891年在爪哇島梭羅河附近發現的爪哇人化石，裴文中於1923年在中國北京附近的周口店所發現的北京人化石，還有藍田人、巫山人和元謀人等都是直立人的例子。
科博館地質學組副研究員兼主任張鈞翔表示，澎湖原人下顎骨化石是漁民從台灣海峽澎湖水道海底打撈出來，距離台灣西南約25公里海域，屬於亞洲大陸棚的一部份，過去在台灣發現最早的人骨化石是距今約2萬年的左鎮人（現代人），澎湖原人具有直立人的特徵，將台灣發現的古人類化石紀錄，往前推展至超過19萬年的更新世中期。
張鈞翔表示，根據澎湖原人的下顎骨大小研究判斷，澎湖原人的身高約160公分，體重約60公斤，性別尚難以判斷，團隊從臼齒磨蝕的情況研判，澎湖原人已是一個成年個體，具有發達粗壯的下顎骨，發達膨大的第二臼齒，澎湖原人與爪哇人和北京人很可能有不同的演化起源與路徑。
東海大學生命科學系教授兼理學院院長林良恭表示，台灣生物具有多樣性，澎湖原人的研究結果也再次證明台灣是人類等生物演化的避難所，台灣是值得珍惜的寶島。
研究團隊包括國立自然科學博物館地質學組主任張鈞翔、東海大學生命科學系林良恭教授，日本學者包括國立科學博物館海部陽介及河野礼子、京都大學高井正成、御茶水大學及松浦秀治，澳洲學者為Australian National University Rainer Grün、Les Kinsley，這項研究受到國際學術界矚目，登上今天（1月27日）的自然通訊雜誌（Nature Communications），科博館也將於2月在科博館的陽光過道展出此珍貴的人骨化石。
2015年1月26日 星期一
Snowflake Symmetry
Snowflake Symmetry
Q&AJanuary 24, 2015
Victoria Roberts
Q. Why are snowflakes usually perfectly symmetrical? How does one arm “know” how the other arms are growing?
A. “The growth of a snowflake is sensitive to its immediate environment, especially the temperature and humidity,” said Kenneth G. Libbrecht, chairman of the physics department at the California Institute of Technology, who maintains a websiteexplaining snow crystals. “It might take a half-hour for the crystal to reach its final size, and during that time it could travel a mile or more, experiencing ever-changing conditions.
“If you look at an individual arm, its shape reflects the exact history of its travels,” he said. “But the six arms all travel together, so they all experience the same history. Thus they appear to grow in synchrony, even though no arm ‘knows’ how the others are growing.”
Dr. Libbrecht compared the process to going outside on a cold day, wearing a heavy coat and seeing everyone else wearing one as well, without foreknowledge or consultation.
“The flip side of this story is that no two snowflakes follow exactly the same path in the turbulent atmosphere, and this is why no two snowflakes are exactly alike,” he said.
“Finally, snowflakes are in fact not usually perfectly symmetrical,” he said, “although snowflake photographers like to select the ones that are.” Large, beautifully symmetrical crystals are actually quite rare, he said, but “as with people, the most attractive snowflakes tend to get the most attention.”
question@nytimes.com
雪花究竟是不是對稱的
科學2015年01月24日
Victoria Roberts
問：為什麼雪花通常完全對稱？其中一瓣怎麼「知道」其他幾瓣在怎麼成長呢？
答：「雪花在形成過程中對周圍環境非常敏感，特別是溫度和濕度，」加州理工學院物理系主任肯尼思·G·利布雷希特(Kenneth G. Libbrecht)說。他開設了一個網站，專門解釋雪晶。「雪晶大概需要半個小時才能最終形成，在那段時間裡，它能飛行一英里多，經歷不斷變化的環境。」
「如果你只看單獨的一瓣，它的形狀反映着自己的旅行歷史，」他說，「但是這六瓣一起旅行，所以它們經歷的歷史是一樣的。因此，它們似乎是同步成長，雖然哪一瓣也不知道另外幾瓣在怎樣成長。」
利布雷希特把這個過程比作冷天穿厚外套出門，你會看到其他每個人也都穿着厚外套，但是沒人能預見未來，也沒人相互商量。
「這個故事的另一面是，在混亂的環境中，沒有兩片雪花的成長環境是完全相同的，所以不存在一模一樣的兩片雪花，」他說。
「最後要說的一點是，實際上雪花並不總是完全對稱，」他說，「不過，攝影者喜歡選擇對稱的雪花。」他說，美麗、對稱的大雪晶實際上非常罕見，但是「最好看的雪花總是最引人注目。」
2015年1月24日 星期六
wikihouse
蓋房用下載的！ 倫敦推「維基房屋」建築新概念
好房網News記者曾威智／整理報導
不同以往傳統工地的建築模式，英國倫敦日前推出「維基房屋」的建築新概念，特色是將所有的蓋房方案和建造圖，全都經由網路下載，蓋屋過程中運用到的數位科技宛如3D列印技術般，不僅不用螺絲釘，也不需要抹水泥。團隊創辦人指出，「維基房屋」的目標是邁向大規模簡化打造堅固的房子，讓人共享並且「下載」房子。
英國倫敦日前推出「維基房屋」建築新概念，所有的蓋房方案和建造圖，全都經由網路下載（截取自wikihouse）
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TVBS報導指出，英國倫敦一群設計團隊推出「維基房屋」（wikihouse），也就是透過網路下載建造圖，然後利用電腦裁切素材，並以木頭模板堆疊進行建造工作。整個建築過程不需要螺絲釘和水泥，因為所有的模板素材，全部都是利用卡榫技術連接起來，而建築概念源自於網路的設計。
「維基房屋」所有的模板素材，全部都是利用卡榫技術連接起來（截取自wikihouse）
維基房屋共同創辦人Alastair Parvin表示，維基房屋是正在開發的一系列技術，目標是大規模並簡化建造堅固高效能房屋，所利用的就是網路和數位科技，如同3D列印技術一樣，團隊實際上就像在打造一種實體化的「維基百科」，讓人們共享並且「下載」房子。他提到，只要大家開始產生興趣，維基房屋未來真的有可能會實現。
2015年1月22日 星期四
VPN Gate Client
[下載] VPN Gate Client 免費不限流量 VPN 連線工具（安裝、使用教學）
一般生活在台灣的朋友大概比較少用到 VPN 服務，因為台灣連線環境沒有什麼限制，要連接到全世界的網站幾乎是暢行無阻，不過有時遇到一些國家限定的網路服務，就必須利用 VPN 來作跳板，或者是想玩某些遊戲、下載區域 LINE 貼圖等等，其實都可以利用 VPN Gate Client 來輕鬆實現。
VPN Gate 是日本國立筑波大學的一項學術研究、實驗計畫，主要目的為「推廣全球分散式公共 VPN 中繼伺服器知識」，簡單來說，VPN Gate 網站上會列出目前可用的公共 VPN 中繼伺服器列表，使用者能自由選擇要進行連線的伺服器，無須註冊、也不用付費，這些 VPN 都是由來自世界各地的自願者提供，會不斷更新。
下載帶有 VPN Gate Client 外掛的 SoftEther VPN Client 工具，可以讓 Windows 輕鬆連接到 VPN Gate 上的中繼伺服器，這工具是由日本筑波大學開發的免費軟體，目前也有提供中文介面，如果你對於 VPN 的用量不大，只有偶爾需要用一下，那麼 VPN Gate 就是一個不錯的選擇，速度快、穩定性夠，更新頻繁，而且沒有流量限制。
軟體資訊
VPN Gate Client 安裝說明
開啟 VPN Gate 後，點選上方的「下載」，將 SoftEther VPN Client + VPN Gate Client 下載後解壓縮，點選裡面的 vpngate-client-v4… 應用程式來進行安裝。
開啟 SoftEther VPN 安裝嚮導，會有一個簡單的說明，其實在 Mac、iPhone、iPad、Android 等平台也可以使用 VPN Gate ，不過需要自己手動設定（參考教學），還是推薦安裝 SoftEther VPN 來進行設定，速度快、而且也能取得新的 VPN Gate 伺服器列表。
安裝時請選擇第一個「SoftEther VPN Client」，然後按「下一步」。
安裝前還需要選擇路徑、勾選同意使用條款等等。
最後按下「完成」，直接開啟 SoftEther VPN Client 管理工具。
使用教學
開啟 SoftEther VPN Client 管理器後，點擊「VPN Gate 公共 VPN 中繼伺服器」兩下來開啟列表。
接著就能看到目前的所有公共 VPN 中繼伺服器列表，包含 DDNS 唯一主機名稱、IP 位址、國家地區、運行時間、VPN 會話（連線數？）、線路速度和 Ping 值。
我習慣直接按一下「國家/地區」進行排序，這樣就能快速從現有的公共 VPN 中繼伺服器清單找到我要連線的國家，例如你想連到韓國、日本來下載 LINE 貼圖、或是連到美國來瀏覽一些線上影片、節目，就可以直接選擇你要連線的目標後，按下右下角的「連接到 VPN 伺服器」。
因為在某些國家是禁止使用 VPN Gate 服務的，在連接前會跳出注意事項，沒問題的話按下「同意」。
選擇 VPN 協議時請直接用預設的「使用 TCP 協議（Ethernet over HTTPS VPN）（推薦）」選項。
大約會需要幾秒鐘來建立一個 VPN 虛擬網路連線配置，當畫面消失後，就會顯示你取得的 VPN IP 位址。
要確定有沒有連接到你要的 VPN 伺服器，可以開啟 VPN Gate 首頁（http://www.vpngate.net/cn/），中間就會顯示你目前的 IP 位址，我在連接到日本的 VPN 後，IP 來源也變成了 114.160 開頭的位址。
試著在 Windows 命令提示下輸入「ipconfig /all」指令，如果被發配到一個 10.211 開頭的 IP 位址，代表已經成功建立與 VPN Gate 的連結。
不繼續使用、要結束目前的 VPN 連線時，回到 SoftEther VPN Client 管理器，在上方的 VPN Gate Connection 按下滑鼠右鍵，選擇「斷開」就能結束連線，回到你目前的連線環境。
如果你願意，也可以安裝一個軟體（SoftEther VPN Server）來提供自己的 CPU 資源、頻寬給其他需要 VPN 的人使用，VPN 本身採用加密連線通道，即使連線被監聽、封包擷取也無法獲得你所傳輸的內容，例如帳號密碼，所以是非常安全的，有興趣的話不妨參考一下 VPN Gate 網站上的中文說明。
2015年1月21日 星期三
metal surfaces that repel water to the extent that droplets bounce away from them
Physicists in the US have created metal surfaces that repel water to the extent that droplets bounce away from them http://bbc.in/1sYxnox
It's hoped the technique could be used to produce hygienic, easily-maintained devices - from solar panels to toilets - that do not rust or ice up.
Video courtesy of Matthew Mann / University of Rochester
2015年1月20日 星期二
Square Kilometre Array
SKA news: Scientists from around the world have joined forces to lay the foundations for an experiment of truly astronomical proportions: putting together the biggest map of the Universe ever made using the SKA. http://skatel.org/SKAnews_Ftese
2015年1月16日 星期五
RIP Google Glass: 5 other failed inventions and what they can teach us
RIP Google Glass: 5 other failed inventions and what they can teach us
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