正在開發的「System on Wafer-X」是一種無需矽中介層和FC-BGA，直接在晶圓上連接GPU和HBM的概念。

 蔡宜兼

TSMC開發中的「系統級晶圓（System on Wafer，SoW）」，消除傳統PCB 和基板的使用，將整個系統作為載體，能大幅提升運算效能、降低空間需求，並提高能源效率，特別適合用於高效能AI 晶片和資料中心等領域。

SoW的量產化，對高效能AI 晶片和資料中心是好事，但對傳統PCB 和基板就不見得了。

ChosunBiz:

『三星電機和LG Innotek正致力於高價值半導體基板「倒裝晶片球柵陣列」（FC-BGA），以實現業務組合多元化。然而，隨著全球第一大晶圓代工企業台灣台積電宣布將於2027年實現無FC-BGA半導體生產新技術的商業化，人們越來越擔心先前一直處於成長態勢的FC-BGA業務可能會萎縮。

半導體基板是穩定地固定半導體晶片並將其連接到主機板以傳輸電訊號的核心部件。 FC-BGA 被評價為適用於日益大型化的人工智慧 (AI) 半導體的下一代高價值基板，因為它比傳統基板更大，並且可以堆疊更高的半導體。

根據業界10日報道，台積電正在開發System on Wafer-X技術，目標在2027年實現商業化。台積電正在開發的技術是下一代高整合度封裝工藝，無需傳統的封裝基板，即可將多個半導體直接整合在晶圓上。透過省略基板，該技術可以更高密度地放置晶片，並提供千瓦（W）等級的功率，預計將用於下一代AI半導體的量產。 5月，在美國德州舉行的ECTC 2025（電子元件與技術會議）上，台積電介紹了該技術，並表示將利用其量產超大型AI半導體。

AI半導體的核心是負責運算的圖形處理器（GPU），並在其周圍配置高頻寬記憶體（HBM），以高速傳輸資料。在GPU和HBM下方，搭載了「矽中介層」（Silicon Interposer），用於連接半導體和FC-BGA，並最大限度地提高電氣效率。 AI半導體透過FC-BGA與伺服器內部的其他元件連接並運作。台積電表示正在開發的「System on Wafer-X」是一種無需矽中介層和FC-BGA，直接在晶圓上連接GPU和HBM的概念。據推測，這是專為蘋果訂購的半導體而開發的「整合式扇出型（InFO）」技術的先進製程。

三星電機和LG Innotek已將FC-BGA作為下一個成長動力，並正在擴大該業務。由於兩家公司高度依賴特定產品的收入，因此它們被敦促實現業務多元化。根據三星電機的半年報，今年上半年，負責多層陶瓷電容器（MLCC）的元件業務部門的銷售額佔比接近45%。同期，LG Innotek負責相機模組業務的光通訊業務部門的銷售額佔比達到80%。

三星電機計劃明年向亞馬遜和博通供應FC-BGA，以及設計和量產專用積體電路（ASIC）的Google和Meta。 LG Innotek表示，正在向兩家北美大型科技客戶量產並供應PC用FC-BGA。一位電子元件行業人士表示：“雖然FC-BGA等產品正在積極應用於AI半導體的量產，但如果System on Wafer-X實現商業化，需求可能會放緩。”

然而，一些分析人士認為，這種擔憂為時過早。韓國投資證券公司研究員蔡敏碩表示：「正如台積電過去的晶圓級封裝 (WLP) 技術未能完全取代倒裝晶片尺寸封裝 (FC-CSP) 的需求一樣，智慧型手機應用處理器 (AP) 所使用的基板、System on Wafer-X 和 FC-BGA 極有可能共存：System 伺服器FC-BGA 需求放緩。』

日本半導體材料大廠力森諾科宣布，與國內外共 27 家企業成立名為「JOINT3」的聯盟，專注開發能因應生成式 AI 等應用需求的先進半導體技術。

 Joel來談日本

日本半導體材料大廠力森諾科宣布，與國內外共 27 家企業成立名為「JOINT3」的聯盟，專注開發能因應生成式 AI 等應用需求的先進半導體技術。參與企業包含東京威力科創、美商應用材料、佳能、日立先端、荏原製作所，以及供應材料與藥劑的力森諾科、AGC、JX 金屬、東京應化工業、古河電工、花王、美商 3M 等，還有歐洲與新加坡企業。總投資額約 260 億日圓，由力森諾科出資最多。研究據點設在川崎市與茨城縣結城市，並計劃五年內將技術實用化，成為業界標準。

JOINT3 的研究焦點是半導體封裝後段工程中關鍵的「中介層」（Interposer）。這個技術能在處理器與記憶體等多顆晶片之間高速傳遞訊息，比傳統透過主機板連接的方式更具效率。聯盟主力開發有機材料的中介層，以方形大面積基板取代過去的圓形矽晶圓，能有效降低成本並提高產出率。實驗顯示，約 50 公分見方的有機面板可切出 24 片中介層，產能是傳統晶圓的 6 倍。未來還需解決面板翹曲與表面平整度等技術挑戰。此專案將持續至 2030 年，成果將回饋各參與企業，用於自家產品。

力森諾科社長高橋秀仁指出，若有機中介層能成為「事實上的標準」，各企業將能藉此推廣自家材料與設備。東京威力科創則認為，結合前段製程的高精度加工與後段的低損耗材料，有助提升 AI 晶片的良率與可靠度。業界競爭正趨激烈，例如三菱材料研發大型方形矽晶圓，部分企業則布局玻璃基板，而信越化學則致力於直接在封裝基板實現訊號傳遞，無需中介層。如何透過企業聯盟快速取得領先成果，是 JOINT3 面臨的挑戰。

力森諾科過去已推動兩個類似聯盟，包括「JOINT2」與美日合作的「US Joint」，累積了豐富的營運經驗。此次 JOINT3 的規模為歷來最大，邀請約 130 家企業，其中包括三豐與圖研等量測與設計公司，未來還可能持續擴大成員陣容。

參考資料：日經新聞

中國科學家將釷基核能帶入現實生活。

 

中國科學家利用美國舊有的研究成果和數十年的耐心，將釷基核能帶入現實生活。 中國剛剛在核能領域邁出了一大步，重啟了釷基熔鹽反應器——無需停堆換料。這項古老的技術幾十年前由美國首次嘗試，後來被放棄。它使用熔鹽安全地容納液態釷燃料。這意味著它不會像傳統反應器那樣熔化，產生的廢物也更少。 原型機自2024年中期在戈壁沙漠運行，可為約2,000戶家庭供電。釷比鈾更容易找到，也更常見，使其成為未來一種很有前景的能源。中國甚至發現了足夠全國使用數萬年的釷。 沒有人確切知道他們是如何解決阻礙過去努力的棘手問題的，但緩慢而穩定的努力最終獲得了回報。這可能會改變全球清潔核能的格局，並有助於減少碳排放。

Chinese scientists bring thorium nuclear power to life using old US research and decades of patience.

China just made a big move in nuclear energy by restarting thorium-based molten salt reactors—without needing to shut them down to refuel. This old tech, first tried and then dropped by the U.S. decades ago, uses molten salt to safely hold liquid thorium fuel. That means it can’t melt down like traditional reactors and creates way less waste.

The prototype, running since mid-2024 in the Gobi Desert, can power about 2,000 homes. Thorium is easier to find and way more common than uranium, making it a promising energy source for the future. China even found enough thorium to power the country for tens of thousands of years.

No one’s sure exactly how they solved the tricky problems that stopped past efforts, but slow, steady work paid off. This could change the game for clean nuclear energy worldwide and help cut carbon emissions.

德國菲利普斯堡Philippsburg的原核電廠所在地將轉型為最大的電池儲能中心之一，預計將於 2027 年中期投入營運

 菲利普斯堡的原核電廠所在地將成為德國最大的電池儲能中心之一，每天可為約10萬戶家庭供電。 EnBW計劃安裝一套400兆瓦/800兆瓦時的電池系統，以幫助在德國轉型為再生能源的過程中即時平衡電網。

該系統透過捕獲風能和太陽能發電產生的多餘電力來運行，當發電量超過需求時。在需求旺盛或再生能源發電量低的時期，例如陰天或無風天氣，儲存的電能將回饋到電網。這種方法對於管理再生能源的波動性至關重要。

此外，該電池系統將與氫能燃氣發電廠集成，在可再生能源產量長期低迷期間提供備用電源，從而增強能源系統的靈活性和韌性。

菲利普斯堡的選址地理位置優越，靠近一座大型變電站和Ultranet輸電線，將德國北部的風電輸送到工業化的南部，是支持電網穩定的理想選擇。

等待最終批准後，該電池系統預計將於 2027 年中期投入營運。

The former nuclear power plant site in Philippsburg is set to become one of Germany's largest battery storage hubs, capable of powering approximately 100,000 homes daily. EnBW plans to install a 400 MW / 800 MWh battery system to help balance the grid in real-time as the country transitions to renewable energy sources.

The system operates by capturing excess electricity from wind and solar power when generation exceeds demand. During periods of high demand or low renewable generation, such as cloudy or windless days, the stored energy is fed back into the grid. This approach is crucial for managing the variability of renewable energy sources.

Additionally, the battery system will be integrated with hydrogen-ready gas power plants to provide backup during extended periods of low renewable energy production, enhancing the flexibility and resilience of the energy system.

Strategically located near a major substation and the Ultranet power line, which channels wind power from northern Germany to the industrial south, the Philippsburg site is an ideal choice for supporting grid stability.

Pending final approvals, the battery system could be operational by mid-2027.

新加坡發明集雨發電法，一般水力發電的十倍效率......"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"

 新加坡發明集雨發電法，一般水力發電的十倍效率......"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"

早上。 73歲，餘生或殘生無多，做事貼文多少有些"在意".....

 "新加坡發明集雨發電法，一般水力發電的十倍效率......"臉書的報導，那地方是另一個世界......NHK的氣象預報，亞洲熱浪來襲，各地居民快吃不消，未來3天，本島陰天，中南半島雨天，那兒的驟雨，印象深刻。

想起的是，1971~72年山上的小雨，滴在頭上，四處無人，找個地方躲.....那

小小的公車起點/終點的小亭 (經過五十來年，很少景色依舊的地方了...... )，最適合兩人一起避雨，或親密接近.....

你會想起那首歌嗎？

"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head"

Lyrics

Raindrops are falling on my head
And just like the guy whose feet are too big for his bed
Nothing seems to fit
Those raindrops are falling on my head, they keep falling

So I just did me some talking to the sun
And I said I didn't like the way he got things done
Sleeping on the job
Those raindrops are falling on my head, they keep falling

But there's one thing I know
The blues they send to meet me
Won't defeat me, it won't be long
Till happiness steps up to greet me

Raindrops keep falling on my head
But that doesn't mean my eyes will soon be turning red
Crying's not for me
'Cause I'm never gonna stop the rain by complaining
Because I'm free
Nothing's worrying me

It won't be long till happiness steps up to greet me

Raindrops keep falling on my head
But that doesn't mean my eyes will soon be turning red
Crying's not for me
'Cause I'm never gonna stop the rain by complaining
Because I'm free
Nothing's worrying me

Source: LyricFind

Songwriters: Burt F. Bacharach / Hal David

Raindrops Keep Falling On My Head (Original artist re-recording) lyrics © Red Smoke Publishing, Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC, TuneCore Inc., Universal Music Publishing Group

"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head" is a song written by Burt Bacharach and Hal David for the 1969 film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid.

Germany builds a damless hydropower turbine that works in slow rivers德國打造無壩式水力渦輪機，可在緩流河中運行

 

德國打造無壩式水力渦輪機，可在緩流河中運行

德國新創公司 Aquaturbine 推出了一款革命性的水力發電機組，標誌著小型再生能源邁出了改變遊戲規則的一步。此發電機組無需水壩、高架或高速水流即可運作。該系統即使在流速緩慢的河流中也能發電，這對於離網和偏遠社區來說是一次重大飛躍。

這款攜帶式渦輪機採用仿生螺旋結構，模擬魚類逆流而上的遊動方式。螺旋葉片緩慢而穩定地旋轉，由水的自然運動驅動。它無需混凝土屏障或洪水，只需將其放置在流動的河流中即可。內部的磁化轉子和銅線圈系統將運動轉化為清潔電能。

一台體積不超過貨櫃的裝置可以持續為十幾戶家庭供電。與傳統的水力發電系統不同，這款渦輪機採用模組化設計，可擴展，並且不會破壞水生生態系統。它對魚類安全，對沉積物無害，並且可以在數小時內完成安裝。

德國的目標是將這些渦輪機部署到歐洲未充分利用的河流網絡中，尤其是在太陽能和風能利用率較低的地區。從亞馬遜河流域到非洲和東南亞部分地區，這些河流流速緩慢的國家最終可以在無需基礎設施成本的情況下獲得本地水力發電。

最棒的是？維修成本幾乎為零，渦輪機機身由防腐複合聚合物製成，設計使用壽命為水下25年以上。德國剛剛徹底改變了小型水力發電的運作方式。

Germany builds a damless hydropower turbine that works in slow rivers

In a game-changing step for small-scale renewable energy, German startup Aquaturbine has unveiled a revolutionary hydropower unit that works without dams, elevation, or high-speed flow. The system can generate electricity even in low-velocity rivers — a major leap forward for off-grid and remote communities.

This portable turbine works using a biomimetic spiral that replicates how fish swim upstream. The helical blades rotate slowly but consistently, driven by the natural movement of water. It doesn’t require concrete barriers or flooding — just placement in a flowing river. Inside, a magnetized rotor and copper coil system converts the motion into clean electricity.

One unit, no bigger than a shipping container, can power a dozen homes continuously. Unlike traditional hydropower systems, this one is modular, scalable, and doesn’t harm aquatic ecosystems. It’s fish-safe, sediment-friendly, and can be installed in hours.

Germany’s goal is to deploy these turbines across Europe’s underused river networks, especially where solar and wind are less viable. Countries with slow rivers — from the Amazon basin to parts of Africa and Southeast Asia — could finally have local hydropower without the infrastructure costs.

The best part? Maintenance is near-zero, and the turbine body is made from corrosion-proof composite polymers — designed to last 25+ years underwater. Germany has just transformed how small-scale hydropower works.

阿斯頓大學Aston University 僅使用光和一種經醫院批准的染料即可摧毀癌細胞，無需化療或放療。這些所謂的「分子風鎬」透過在近紅外光照射下以超高速振動來發揮作用，從內部粉碎癌細胞。

 阿斯頓大學Aston University 僅使用光和一種經醫院批准的染料即可摧毀癌細胞，無需化療或放療。這些所謂的「分子風鎬」透過在近紅外光照射下以超高速振動來發揮作用，從內部粉碎癌細胞。

研究人員開發出一種突破性的技術，僅使用光和一種經醫院批准的染料即可摧毀癌細胞，無需化療或放療。這些所謂的「分子風鎬」透過在近紅外光照射下以超高速振動來發揮作用，從內部粉碎癌細胞。

這種染料——氨基菁——常用於醫學成像——在光激活時會以每秒一兆次的速度振動。這種強烈的振動會破壞癌細胞膜，同時不會傷害健康細胞。在實驗室實驗中，99% 的人類黑色素瘤細胞被消滅；在小鼠實驗中，僅一次治療後，一半的腫瘤就消失了，其餘的腫瘤則顯著縮小。

這種方法的獨特之處在於它使用了近紅外光，這種光可以穿透人體內部 10 厘米，無需侵入性手術即可到達深層組織和器官。由於這種染料天然地靶向癌細胞，因此治療具有高度的針對性和精準性。

與傳統療法不同，癌細胞無法輕易抵抗物理破壞。由於該染料已獲得FDA批准用於臨床成像，這項創新有望快速進入人體試驗階段。

除了癌症之外，阿斯頓大學的另一項研究表明，一種「扭曲光」可以穿透皮膚和組織而不會發生扭曲。這或許能夠實現發炎、腫瘤甚至血糖變化的早期非侵入性檢測——這提供了一種無需手術或針頭的強大新型診斷工具。

Researchers have developed a groundbreaking technique that destroys cancer cells using only light and a hospital-approved dye—no need for chemotherapy or radiation. These so-called “molecular jackhammers” work by vibrating at ultra-high speeds when exposed to near-infrared light, shredding cancer cells from the inside.

The dye, aminocyanine—commonly used in medical imaging—vibrates at a trillion times per second when activated by light. This intense vibration ruptures cancer cell membranes while leaving healthy cells unharmed. In lab experiments, 99% of human melanoma cells were wiped out, and in mice, half of the tumors vanished after just one treatment while the rest significantly shrank.

What sets this approach apart is its use of near-infrared light, which can penetrate up to 10 centimeters into the body, reaching deep tissues and organs without invasive procedures. Since the dye naturally targets cancer cells, the treatment remains highly focused and precise.

Unlike conventional therapies, cancer cells can’t easily defend against physical destruction. And because the dye is already FDA-approved for clinical imaging, this innovation could fast-track into human trials.

Beyond cancer, another study from Aston University revealed that a type of “twisted light” can pass through skin and tissue without distortion. This could enable early, noninvasive detection of inflammation, tumors, or even changes in blood sugar—offering a powerful new diagnostic tool without surgery or needles.

將海水轉化為飲用水，模擬植物的蒸騰作用。

 麻省理工學院的工程師們開發了一種太陽能裝置，無需電力，即可將海水轉化為飲用水，模擬植物的蒸騰作用。

這種高效能的多層系統能夠為一個家庭提供足夠的日常用水，非常適合偏遠地區。

它成本低廉、零排放，並有望徹底改變沿海和乾旱地區的供水方式，進而解決全球淡水危機。

MIT engineers developed a solar-powered device that converts seawater into drinking water without electricity, mimicking plant transpiration.

This efficient, multi-layered system produces enough daily water for a family, ideal for remote areas.

Low-cost and emission-free, it could revolutionize water access in coastal and arid regions, addressing the global freshwater crisis.

Norwegian initiative to build carbon-negative infrastructure in every city by 2040. Norway designed a skyscraper that cleans the air like a forest — and powers itself with wind

 

Eu Corner──在美國紐約。  ·

Norway designed a skyscraper that cleans the air like a forest — and powers itself with wind

In downtown Oslo, a 60-story skyscraper rises into the sky — but this isn’t just an office building. It’s The Breather, a self-sufficient vertical ecosystem that captures CO₂, filters air pollutants, and generates clean power through embedded wind vanes hidden in its façade.

The tower’s outer shell is made from a material called bio-active concrete, infused with microalgae and titanium dioxide. As sunlight hits the surface, the algae absorb carbon dioxide, while the titanium dioxide catalyzes air pollutants into harmless nitrates — effectively cleaning the surrounding air like 40,000 trees.

But the most striking feature is the wind skin: a series of vertical wind channels that funnel breezes between the building’s panels, turning hidden turbines without noise or vibration. Even in light winds, the system generates up to 2 megawatts — enough to cover all building operations and charge over 100 EVs per day.

Inside, waste heat from offices is recycled to grow food in hydroponic towers. Rainwater is filtered through algae channels and reused. And every elevator uses regenerative braking to produce power on descent.

Designed by Oslo-based EcoForma Architects, the tower is part of a Norwegian initiative to build carbon-negative infrastructure in every city by 2040. The structure was built with locally sourced timber-steel hybrid frames and required 70% fewer emissions than concrete construction.

This is not greenwashing — it’s architecture engineered to reverse environmental damage. The building isn’t just carbon-neutral — it actively heals the urban atmosphere around it.

美國現在不相信"基於堅實科學數據做出決策"的傳統 A C.D.C. Committee Voted Against Flu Shots With This Preservative. Is It Safe?

 

Alisha Jucevic for The New York Times A C.D.C. Committee Voted Against Flu Shots With This Preservative. Is It Safe? 美國疾病管制與預防中心委員會投票反對使用這種防腐劑的流感疫苗。它安全嗎？ 為美國疾病管制與預防中心（CDC）提供疫苗諮詢的專家小組週四投票決定，不再建議每年接種含有防腐劑硫柳汞的流感疫苗。 此舉證實了長期以來被推翻的理論，即硫柳汞這種近一個世紀以來一直用於疫苗的成分與神經發育問題有關。醫學專家表示，這項決定也與美國免疫實踐諮詢委員會（ACIP）基於堅實科學數據做出決策的傳統背道而馳。 「ACIP 會盡可能基於科學證據提出建議，」兒科傳染病流行病學專家、該小組的投票成員科迪·邁斯納博士說道。 「沒有科學證據表明硫柳汞造成了問題，」他補充道。 An expert panel that advises the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on vaccines voted Thursday to no longer recommend annual flu shots that contain the preservative thimerosal. The move gives credence to the long debunked theory that the ingredient — which has been used in vaccines for nearly a century — is linked to neurodevelopmental problems. Medical experts said the decision also represents a jarring departure from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices history of making decisions based on strong scientific data. “A.C.I.P. makes recommendations based on scientific evidence as much as possible,” said Dr. Cody Meissner, an expert in pediatric infectious disease epidemiology and voting member of the panel. “There is no scientific evidence that thimerosal has caused a problem,” he added.