小號鉍晶體
鉍 (Bi) 是一種重而脆的後過渡金屬，原子序數為 83，是唯一無毒的重金屬。它被用於治療消化問題的非處方藥 Pepto-Bismol，作為合金和其他產品中鉛的無毒替代品，以及化妝品和電子產品。鉍具有獨特的銀白色金屬光澤和虹彩般的光澤，通常是鉛礦石加工的副產品。
關鍵特性
化學符號：Bi
原子序數：83
物理外觀：一種脆性的銀白色金屬，具有金屬光澤和虹彩般的光澤。
密度：比鉛重。
毒性：唯一無毒的重金屬。
熔點：與其他金屬相比，其熔點相對較低。
導電性：金屬的熱導率和電導率異常低。
用途
醫藥：用於治療消化不良、腹瀉和潰瘍的藥物，例如次水楊酸鉍（Pepto-Bismol）。
合金：用於焊料、其他一些合金以及冶金添加劑。
鉛替代品：作為鉛的無毒替代品，廣泛應用於陶瓷釉料、魚墜和管道等產品。
化妝品和電子產品：用於某些化妝品和電子產品。
賦存狀態
鉍天然存在，其硫化物和氧化物是重要的商業礦石。
它通常是鉛礦石加工的副產品。
趣聞
鉍是一種氮族元素，與砷和銻具有一些相同的化學性質。
它是元素週期表中最重的元素，被認為是穩定的，儘管從技術上講它具有放射性，半衰期極長。
AI Overview
Bismuth (Bi) is a heavy, brittle, post-transition metal with atomic number 83, known for being the only non-toxic heavy metal. It is used in over-the-counter medications like Pepto-Bismol to treat digestive issues, as a nontoxic alternative to lead in alloys and other products, and in cosmetics and electronics. Bismuth has a distinctive silver-white metallic luster with an iridescent tarnish, and it is often found as a byproduct of lead ore processing.
Key Properties
- Chemical Symbol: Bi
- Atomic Number: 83
- Physical Appearance: A brittle, silver-white metal with a metallic luster and an iridescent tarnish.
- Density: Heavier than lead.
- Toxicity: The only non-toxic heavy metal.
- Melting Point: Has a relatively low melting point compared to other metals.
- Conductivity: Unusually low thermal and electrical conductivity for a metal.
Uses
- Medicine: A key ingredient in medications for digestive upset, diarrhea, and ulcers, such as bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol).
- Alloys: Used in solders, some other alloys, and as a metallurgical additive.
- Lead Replacements: Explored as a nontoxic substitute for lead in products like ceramic glazes, fishing sinkers, and plumbing.
- Cosmetics & Electronics: Used in some cosmetic products and in electronics.
Occurrence
- Bismuth naturally occurs, and its sulfide and oxide forms serve as important commercial ores.
- It is often extracted as a byproduct of processing lead ore.
Interesting Facts
- Bismuth is a pnictogen and shares some chemical properties with arsenic and antimony.
- It is the heaviest element in the periodic table that is considered stable, although it is technically radioactive with an extremely long half-life.
沒有留言:
張貼留言